- Launched February 5, 1967
- Imaged Moon: February 15 to 23, 1967
- Impact with Moon: October 9, 1967
- Apollo landing site survey mission
I was thinking maybe twelve when I was asked this question. Try over hundred if you count other countries’s missions besides just America’s, like—the Soviet Union’s, China’s, Japan’s, and Indian’s—and if you include all missions: flybys, failed, and successful. Over hundred. I counted them on Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon
Why so many?
Curiosity? Exploration? Yes. But also, did they discover something on one of those missions that needed further investigation? Such as the photograph taken by Lunar Orbiter III in 1968 which appears to show a spacecraft lodged within the Crater Manilius and a 60 mile highway on the moon. Yes—highway on the moon.
Lunar Orbiter
Five unmanned Lunar Orbiter missions were conducted by the US between 1966-1967. Their purpose was to find potential landing sites for the manned Apollo missions by photographing the surface of the moon. All five Lunar Orbiter missions were successful and 99% of the moon’s surface was mapped. Lunar Orbiters’s images were the first photographs taken from lunar orbit and the first pictures of Earth as a whole.
Altogether the Orbiters returned 2180 high resolution and 882 medium resolution frames. The micro-meteoroid experiments recorded 22 impacts showing the average micro-meteoroid flux near the Moon was about two orders of magnitude greater than in interplanetary space, but slightly less than the near-Earth environment. The radiation experiments confirmed that the design of Apollo hardware would protect the astronauts from average and greater than average short term exposure to solar particle events. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program
Forgotten Tapes
The project was successful at getting raw analog data from the tapes, but in order to generate the images, they discovered that they needed the specialized demodulation hardware that had been used by the Lunar Orbiter program, which no longer existed. They attempted to get funding from NASA and private sources to build the hardware, but were unsuccessful.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_Image_Recovery_Project
The tape drives sat in Nancy Evans’ garage, until the Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project (LOIRP)—funded by NASA, SkyCorp, SpaceRef Interactive, and private individuals—was formed to digitize the original analog data tapes from the five Lunar Orbiters’s missions. By July 2008, the team had moved into a closed MacDonald’s and appropriately named it McMoon. In 2009, some of the first images recovered were announced by the team.
Behind the counter of an abandoned McDonalds lie 48,000 lbs of 70mm tape… the only copy of extremely high-resolution images of the moon…The spacecraft did not ship this film back to Earth. Instead, they developed the film on the Lunar Orbiter (The film was developed on-orbit, and then scanned by a photomultiplier for transmission to Earth.)and then raster scanned the negatives with a 5 micron spot (200 lines/millimeter resolution) and beamed the data back to Earth using yet-to-be-patented-by-others lossless analog compression. Three ground stations on Earth (one was in Madrid, Spain; one in Wommera, Australia; and one in Goldstone, California. ) recorded the transmissions on these magnetic tapes. Recovering the data has proven to be very difficult, requiring technological archeology. The only working version of the Ampex tape player ($300K when new) was discovered in a chicken coop and restored with the help of the original designer. There is only one person on Earth who still refurbishes these tape heads, and he is retiring this year. The skills to read this data archive are on the cusp of disappearing forever. Some of the applications of this project, beyond accessing the best images of the moon ever taken, are to look for new landing sites for the new Google Lunar X-Prize robo-landers, and to compare the new craters on the moon today to 40 years ago, a measure of micrometeorite flux and risk to future lunar operations. (Information by Steve Jurvetson, September 20, 2008. Except for the citations from Wikiepedia.)
Still. That One Small Word.
- Is it possible?
- Why so many missions to the moon? Unless there is something there.
- Why were the tapes forgotten and not analyzed at the time? Unless, they were.
- Why bury the tapes for decades until the technology to unlock their secrets became obsolete? Unless it was done on purpose.
- Even if the YouTube video and photos of the spacecraft and highway have, in some way, been altered, isn’t it still intriguing to wonder at all we don’t know?
***
1. A Wyso/Danny ring handcrafted by my Native American friend, Neal Paquin of Santa Fe, NM, especially designed for my first novella, Wyso and the Other Creepy Kids on Gerard Street. (Picture to be posted soon.)
2. A $20 gift certificate to Amazon via email.
3. My opinion of the first twenty pages of your novel or novella.
Clara Bush
Latest posts by Clara Bush (see all)
- Hell Town RV Park, Episode 51: A Free Web Serial. - December 7, 2019
- Hell Town RV Park, Episode 50. A Free Web Serial. - November 21, 2019
- Hell Town RV Park, Episode 49. A Free Web Serial. - November 3, 2019
Leave a Reply